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Reading the accounts

GAAP and IFRS

The two main sets of accounting rules companies must follow when reporting results.

How it works

US companies report under US GAAP; most of the rest of the world uses IFRS. Both aim for comparability, and they differ in real ways — inventory methods, lease treatment, development cost capitalisation.

Reported figures under either are the audited baseline that adjusted numbers depart from.

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Educational reference only. Nothing here is investment advice or a recommendation to buy or sell anything, and tax treatment depends on your own circumstances and the country you are in.